Impact of Instructional Coaching on Students Thesis

Impact of Instructional Coaching on Students - Thesis Example The thesis represents the comprehensive analysis regarding the subject matter of impact of instructional coaching on students’ achievements. The report comes under division into five major components. The introduction of the testimony elucidates the background information with reference to the topic of concern, which comes under following by the literature review segment that enlightens the deeper learning about the topic under discussion. The hypothesis explicitly states the theme that would come under focus in the project report. The findings of various themes under discourse are also a crucial part that has come under integration that would enlighten how the evaluation methods can help assess the impact of instructional coaching on students and their performances. ... Therefore, all the inhabitants of each culture respect the value and role of knowledge, as they are well aware of the fact that education is one of the imperative elements that can make an individual reach the heights of success (Adams &  Hamm, 2005). As everyone comes under acquaintance with the advancements that the world has encountered until the twenty first century, this has brought constructive alterations, developments, growth, and expansions in all fields that even include the education and learning practice and curriculums for the students. As an outcome of such novelties, the methods and techniques of teaching have also transformed, and hence augmented the new and modern ways of schooling and education. Thus, this process has become an ongoing practice that can lead to enhance the performance of the students and boost their level of understanding (Adams &  Hamm, 2005). Out of numerous teaching methods that have come under introduction and practice, instructional coachin g is amongst one of those modern ways that has come under implementation in the recent times. According to the web definition, an instructional coach is someone who â€Å"maintains a non-evaluative, learning relationship as a professional developer working with a teacher. Both coach and teacher share the expressed goal of learning together, thereby improving instruction and student achievement† (Gwazdauskas &  Northcentral University, pp.8, 2009). In other words, an instructional coach is primarily and professionally accountable for implementing the evidence-based learning practices into the classrooms of the school in accordance with the teachers and

Impact of international law on trade

Impact of international law on trade BUSINESS LAW A business has to be built within a defined set of framework regardless of its nature and where it is conducted. This structural framework has to be structured on law which provides the various options for the proprietors of the business to choose the best suited to their particular needs. The particular needs of the business proprietors relates to issues such as the business flexibility, the confidentiality of the business data, taxation and the source of finances. Today, the conduct of the business must be within the legal structure which acts as the vehicle for the business conduct. The term company is used in the civil law countries with a meaning of partnership and limited companies. The international business law originated from the customs, multilateral trities, international conventions and aggreements which came together to form a common framework for world trading and market. Trade and business transactions have enhanced the market globalization with the introduction of div erse business and trade laws. This has further contributed to the developing and growth of the regional trade promoting the business transactions in the international trade. The GATT , NAFTA treaties and the European Union are the main sources of the international law. These international organizational develops and reveiews the international stardards and the legal codes of conduct that binds the member nations. The law mainly addresses the ethical issues that affect the business operations in the global business environment. This involves the stardards set for the protection of the rules for international sales and other difficult issues between the individual nations on agreement. The international law also adreeses the processes involvedin the business disputes resolution in the international business transactions The international law of business determines the rights and the responsibilities of the parties in the business transaction. The US government has globally used its economic and political influences in forcing other nations to remove non-tariff barriers to the US import of goods and services. The spirit of free and fair trade has become widely contagious globally thus there was need for the laws and business guidelines to be conducted between the business partners. With the growth of the global economic integration, many nations have joined the business organizations such as the World trade organization to enjoy the world trade. This has led to the globalization of the global economy and opening up the world market for exports and imports of goods and services enabling the business prospects to the developing nations. The international business laws are the measures and rules followed by the business proprietors conducting the international business. This creates a conducive international business environment with flexibility in the law of international trade and investment. The international law gives the strategic plans in the basic market entry of many firms, protection policies of the intellectual property and licenses as well as the foreign investments. The law puts the emphasis to both the private and the puplic sectors in business environment. The private law which is widely apllied in the international business transactionsincludes the law of the international sales, business agreements and other governing laws. The public business international law includes the convections, business trities and the agreements among the countries that entails the legal frame work within the international business jurisdiction. Many countries has created customs and tarrif laws that open up the market to the international investors. The public international business law provides the foundation for the gorvernments regulation of the international business. Careful business planning and legal practices avoid and reduce the risks involved with the international law a s they affect the public and the private sectors of the business. A private law is considered when the rule of law affects the commercial transactions between two parties whereas the public law is considered in the determination of the rights and the responsibilities of the countries to one another. Management of the International business transactions needs well entailed strategies and better implementation mechanisms due to increase in the trade risks. Today world of business has many challenges in dealing with the illegal business which do not exist. Many business firms are trying to conduct international business illegally in avoiding the taxation in various levels of the business. Handling of the foreign mergers and dealing with the illegal markets goods has been a challenge to many nations in conducting the world trade. The international law faces challenge in dealing with the unexpected differences in foreign corporate law and the evaluation of the political stability in the less stable nations. Political indifference has been an affecting the international business laws with the government giving an outline on business conduct to their respective nations. This has led to the poor economic growth internationally with the international law stressing the strategic decision making processes. Cultural, economic, political and social factors have a great impact on the international business laws as they gives the variations in attitudes towards the law. They influence the way we do business internationally and impacts on the trade relations between the nations. There is difficulty in the Separation of the politics, foreign policies and the country trade evidently seen in the exports controls and trade sanction obligatory to foreign policy or the national security. Trade and the investment issues has also been a challenge in the international business with the occurrence of the nations investment policies. The legal environment on which the international business is conducted has become so intense with the social economic and political forces influencing the development of the business law making processes and legal institutions. The economic environment of conducting business has greatly improved in the developing countries especially China. This is due to the increase in the multinational businesses in world developments as many countries trade with each other. The custom and the tariffs laws enhance the business operation from the international levels allowing the firms to locate the overseseas market and facilitators in expansion of the business globally. Human rights and the international criminal law have been global issues which has affected the international business as many violators being locked out from the common trade organizations. In the developing countries trade and business are incorporated with governmental and regional laws with the development agenda of the fast economic growth. International business has more ethical issues and social responsibilities with outlined corporate codes of conduct in trade transactions. The principles of international business has been affected by the intergovernmental organizations with the laws such as codes of conduct, child labor, workers rights, protection of environment and wildlife, human rights There are a lot of added risks in the international business which includes the risk of the language and cultural differences, international hostility and political influences. The foreign legal actions and practices, trade controls and the restriction of the investment has also been an area of concern in the management of the international business laws. The major forms of the international business the importing and exporting trade, the transfer licensing agreement s and the legal protection of the patents, copyrights and other intellectual property. Active foreign investments have been developed through business mergers, acquitions and the joint ventures. The international business, trade and international licensing of the intellectual property provide the legal relationship between the international parties in conducting the international business transactions. These legal frameworks provide them with important means of foreign market entry with different level of commitment and involvement in the foreign market lifetime. The managerial challenges experienced expose the business entities to different set of legal business risks with long term economical implications. Economic Interdependence Todays world economy has led to the realization of the international business as many countries have realized that they cant rely on the domestic business due to the global competition. This has enabled the interdependency of the world economically enhancing the globalization of products, services and capital markets. The economic interdependence in the world economy has been contributed by the availability of the precious natural raw resources and the technological advances increasingly opening up the free trade and available markets for imports and exports between different sovereignty. The development of the free trade and the steady movement towards economic integration among nations has led to the increased foreign investments and the industrialization promoting the international business. The interdependence has attributed to the common international laws in the business environment with the interrelated financial markets, the world wide flow of capital and the coordination of the economic policies to create a globally competitive economy. The international law has a created comparative advantage to the economic concepts in many nations. Exporting in international business provides the business firms to reach wide range of market which requires modest capital investment and internationally recognized business laws. In the recent past the word was experiencing the legal barriers to the importing and exporting of the nations products. The international law creates the custom regulations identifying the legal controls on the exports and imports of products between countries. Many countries engage in exporting of goods in regular basis complying with the international business law in making of the exporting marketing decisions. Trade relations between nations create the dependence, influence affecting the power position of the nation and strengthening the economic coexistence of the country. Every sovereign nation can at any time influence or interrupt its own export and import trade affairs affecting the international tra de environment as the other countries relying on it must then get another markets and sources of supply or make economic adjustments . The power to interrupt the business relations with any country is a determinant of a countrys global power position. Sovereign nations have increasingly interrupted the trade processes with the increase in competition levels denying the importation and the export processes. Settlement of such business power disputes are fully engaged through the international business law on which a common ground is used in the crisis settlement. In the currency issues a foreign currency transactions requires the exchange rates on which the gain or loss results from the gradual changes on the exchange rates. The policies of securing the international foreign trade secure the controls over the oceanic trade routes increasing the trade partners benefits and trading with nations with mobility of the resources. Many countries have tried to create their own trade laws redirecting their international businesses to their politically friendly nations or the neighbors. The international business policy relies on the influence of the foreign trade between the sovereign nations. Resource mobility between the countries plays a major role in the relocation of the resources with the manufacturing and the trading countries having a major advantage. The international laws in business allow the countries to interpret and detect the relevant mechanisms to put in place to ensure that the rules and the laws dont influence the core business of the nation. Merge dealing policies is currently widely used by the businesses worldwide in order to make an extra revenue. This is achieved as the trade seeks for help in dealing with their distribution and sales of their goods on which they start with the merger plan. This policy allows the trade owner to fully regulate and monitors the business globally opening up to a wider market. International business acquisitions to foreign markets accessibility is a vital entity in business enterprises of all kinds and sizes. This is a major provision of the foreign production or marketing capacity in the global business transactions. Over the past decades businesses has faced difficulties in obtaining harmonizing product or service lines. Many of them run the services with high market risk and high costs. The law governing the global business provides business with methods to obtain regulatory and legal business approvals. legal practitioners and other experts involved in the international business law making need a user-friendly source of information covering the most important jurisdictions of the world trade. International Business Acquisitions has positively affected the business and trade issues due to the great value of the legal business issues. The policies and the business strategies encompass the basic international elements of trade, the licensing and the inves tment policies. The business prospects entering to foreign market depend on the host countries considerations and the sophistication of the firm internationally. With the gradual political changes in many countries the world economy has increased with the rise of the international trade. Many countries are moving towards greater political freedom and good governance. This democratic advance has led to creation of international business law that protects the world business. With this freedom foreign investors are freely integrating themselves in various global businesses creating a market oriented world economies. The greatest challenges facing the international business is the entrenched poverty level and the declining natural resources as excess resource exploitation is experienced in many regions. The environmental degradation, global warming international terrorism and the widespread of infectious disease has also been an area of concern in the international laws. The overlap occurs in business transactions with many countries creating their business plan that complies with the international standards. Ownership of the foreign business by the investors has to comply with the obligations of the corporate citizenship in the invested country. The international trade market has enhanced the investment of the foreigner in various countries enhancing the world economy.

Financial Ratios for Dell Inc. Essay -- Finances Accounting Computer S

Financial Ratios for Dell Inc. Team D selected Dell Inc. as our company for the team project. Why was Dell chosen? Dell Inc. with annual revenue of $41.4 billion, is a premier provider of computing products and services. Because of its direct business model, Dell was the leading seller of computer systems worldwide and the number one seller in our customer segments in the United States during calendar year 2003. Michael Dell founded the company in 1984 on a simple concept of selling computer systems directly to customers. Using this technique, Dell could best understand customer needs and efficiently provide the most effective computing solutions to meet those needs. Dell’s climb to market leadership is the result of a relentless focus on delivering the best customer experience by selling computer system and services directly to customers. Dell, a Delaware corporation, is based in Round Rock, Texas and conducts operations worldwide through wholly owned subsidiaries. The company’s business strategy combines its direct customer model with a highly efficient manufacturing and supply chain management organization and an emphasis on standards-based technologies. This strategy enables Dell to provide customers with superior value high quality, relevant technology customized systems; superior service and support; and product and services that are easy to buy and sell. (Form 10K, 2004) A company with an annual revenue of $41.4 billion must be financially sound, right? The answer is†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"not necessarily!† However, there are tools available that will help determine if our selected company is financially sound. Ratio analyses are those tools used to evaluate the performance of a business and identify potential problems. Financial Ratios Financial ratio analysis can teach so much about Dell’s accounts and business. For example, using ratio analysis, we can conclude the profitability of Dell. We can also determine if Dell has enough money to pay its bills. Ratio analysis can check whether Dell is performing better this year than it was last year. Additionally, ratio analysis can alert us if Dell is doing better or worse than other businesses selling the same or similar products. http://www.bized.ac.uk/compfact/ratios/intro1.htm Table 1.1 lists the ratios we feel are important for our selected company. Dell Incorporated Profitability Ratios 01/30/2004 ... ...05 from http://www.133.americanexpress.com/osbn/tool/ratios/htm Financial Ratios-Formulas and Examples. (2004). Retrieved on March 3, 2005 http://beginersinvest.about.com/od/financial ratio/ Form 10-K, (2004). Dell Inc. Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Retrieved on March 5, 2005 from Mergent database. Net Profit Margin Ratio. (2005). Retrieved on March 4, 2005 http://beginersinvest.about.com/od/financial ratio/ Quick Ratio. (2005). Retrieved on March 5, 2005 from http://www.bankrate.com/brm/news/biz/bizcalcs/ratioquick.asp University of Phoenix (ED.) (2001). Fundamentals of Corporate Finance. {University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-text}. New York: McGraw-Hill Custom Publishing. Retrieved on March 6, 2005 from the University of Phoenix, resource, FIN/544-Finance for Managerial Decision Making website: https://mycampus.phoenix.edu/secure/resource/resource.asp. Welcome to Ratio Analysis! (2004). Retrieved on March 3, 2005 from http://www.bized.ac.uk/compfact/ratios/intro1.htm Working Capital Ratio. (2005). Retrieved on March 5, 2005 from http://www.investopedia.com/university/ratios/workingcapital.asp.

IBO Assignment Essay

Background The Case study is an email conversation between two colleagues Jane Epstein & Rick Lazarus. Jane has joined Technico recently and Rick was her colleague and trusted friend from the last company. Jane is discussing with Rick about the new current company and the staff she got there. She individually described the personalities of her staff like Caroline as universally trusted (according to her), Tom as a joker and a natural sales guy, Jack as intellectual and intense, and the most problematic figure for her as well as the organization – Andy Zimmerman. He is a person who is intellectually very smart but is very impatient, his intimidating tone is worrying. There were many instances like Jane’s AA, Maureen had made a scheduling error and Andy blasted over her even though Jane, his boss was standing there Jane had an opinion that this reaction was not supposed to happen and could have been dealt with tactfully. Rick on the other hand was of the opinion that Jane was over r eacting and that she had to establish her own authority with him, or Andy would step all over her. Then Jane described about the organization and the staff and also that the senior managers talk about the lack of hierarchy in the organization. Jane thinks she should not comment about the  organization as she had recently joined it. Then she also gave another instance where in a discussion with all the members, Jack was addressing an important concept and then Andy interrupted in between and he expressed all the issues, flaws, and that what Jack was trying to propose made no sense. Jane also later heard Andy reaming all the other AA members. The main personality traits Jane described about him were that Andy was smart, intelligent & efficient but doesn’t has any peculiar positive group traits that would win him any personality contests. He also was nasty to his other AA colleagues. When this came to Caroline, he also blasted over her despite her being the person who made him calm whenever he lost his cool with the others in the staff. Andy expressed his anger by mailing Ca roline about her incompetency in her work and the goof ups she made in a very harsh tone. This mail was shared with Jane and Caroline expressed her grief. Jane could see that Caroline was fed up with her smoothing over role. Sometimes Jane felt that she was playing the role of a kindergarten teacher and not a co-operate manager managing such highly paid people. Now Jane thought of finally confronting Andy and telling him that his behaviour is intimidating the staff in a negative way, his behaviour if continued for some more time would result in the decrease in the productivity of the firm. But in the one-on one meeting she came to know that Andy has got great insights, energy and was smart enough to justify his behaviour. Jane experienced that he behaved as if he was down to earth, but was opposite in the presence of a group. She advised him to overcome his impatience and to slow down and be a little considerate with the staff. Even after being so clear with Andy she noticed that he repeated the same old behaviour in the next group meeting. She now realized that he has no plans of changing at all. Now she is in a dilemma as how to tackle the bullying behaviour and maintain the productivity of the staff. So in this case we have to find the problems and issues of Andy’s behaviour and find the plausible solution for those problems. Analysis: Main Issues: Increasing job dissatisfaction in the team Team work getting affected Professionals carrying their personal issues at workplace Difference in performance among team members Incompatibility in attitude, creating the base for all problems Explanation: Productivity and efficiency are getting affected due to Andy’s attitude problem, and his way of handling things. As Andy continuously bullies employs they get demoralised and were unable to give their 100% to their work because of his fear and negative critics. Caroline despite of being a good worker, needs to be more professional. She needs to differentiate between her professional and personal life, and must prioritize her personal issues so that that they don’t affect her work and professional commitments (work –life balance). Work culture is being affected I a negative way, due to Andy s discouraging attitude, whenever somebody doesn’t performs, he is pissed off, One needs to work as a team –work attitude, bullying and dominating are restraints to growth and team –work. Team morale is going down. As the only feedback the get from Andy is negative Andy is not praising any of the efforts the team is putting in but is sure to highlight the glitches that are coming across the project because of them. The staff members do not know the importance of working in a diverse team and adjust within the team. Plausible solutions: 1 Have a second briefing with Andy and ask him to mellow down a little bit with the staff. Try to talk him out that the staff will cooperate more with him, only if he is a little adjusting and open with them and doesn’t humiliate them in front of others. People go through grey patch and as their senior, he should consider the emotional stance of his staff and try to make them comfortable, so that the staff may also think of trying to give their best even in adverse situations. 2 Have a discussion with the rest of the staff and try to make them understand that Andy is doing this for the betterment of the organization, and in the interest of the team, he wants to bring out the best of them. 3 Send him for personal counselling to tackle his attitude issues with his staff and juniors. 4 Try and change his role if his domain knowledge is applicable in any other role. 5 Also Caroline should also be sent for a personal counselling, as she is going through testing times in her life an d currently she needs as much support as she can get from her team mates for the time being so as to cope up. This support  will motivate her further to overcome and bounce back. 6 He can be sent for a month or two on a leave or for training for boosting his team work skills. 7 Write a memo that his behaviour is unacceptable, distracts from work and I want to stop. In case, if it happens again then write another memo stating the same problem and hand it over to her boss or her HR manager. 8 She should plan sessions for team dynamics preferably away from the work environment to cultivate a bond of understanding and openness between the team members hence increasing their trust amongst each other. By knowing each other well, it is possible that they would come forward and help each other in adverse conditions. Best possible solution would be to send Andy Zimmerman for a Management Development Program (MDP) so as to tackle his attitude towards his team mates and be an effective manager. Also Caroline should be advised to go through a personal counselling session where she can learn to cope up with her personal issues. Managerial Learnings: Manager should try to create a positive environment within workplace. Manager should try to avoid criticizing anyone in public. Manager should not blame a team member for small faults; instead he or she should try to talk to him regarding the same in private, so that they can improvise their performance. Manger should try not to be a ‘critic’ for his staff, but should appreciate their inputs and hard work. This would not only increase the motivation of his or her employees, but will consequently lead to greater commitment to the organisation. Manager should try to analyse the training required

Human Free Will and Gods Foreknowledge Essay

The argument of the compatibility and incompatibility of God’s foreknowledge and human free will have been going on for hundreds of years. Concerning the definition of freedom, to get a better understanding, can be described as an act that an individual can do freely without being restrained or force. Philosophers that are well known in this subject matter are Alvin Plantiga and Nelson Pike. Pike will argue that human freedom is incompatible with God’s foreknowledge based upon facts such as God being omniscient. Whereas, Plantiga argues that Pike’s theory is based upon confusion and that human free will can coexist with God’s foreknowledge. Let’s get in to the differences in predictability and God’s foreknowledge pertaining to free will to give a bit more understanding in the argument. Shook’s example is as follows, â€Å"What justification is available for our [predictability claim] that a wind-up toy, for example, my â€Å"Thomas the Train† toy, does not freely choose its behavior? † (Shook 142) This is to say that we as human beings can predict that this wind-up toy will move forward after we wind it up just as God might. However, this prediction is merely based on our knowledge of the past in using this toy. When we try to predict such an event, it has the possibility not working and we had no idea that this would happen, whereas, God would have predicted this as He is omniscient. It’s obvious in both of these arguments it is accepted that God is omniscient in all possible worlds. Pike states that â€Å"†¦ it is part of the essence of God to be omniscient†¦ any person who is not omniscient could not be the person we [call] God. † (Pojman & Rea 97) He goes on to point out that if this were false, in that any person can be called â€Å"God† if one was not omniscient, then we can call anyone God. Furthermore, this means to say that at any given time in the past, present or future an omniscient and existing God would know what would happen. This, I would argue is something that can be compatible with human freedom; In that if God believes, at a certain time (T1), that Peter will eat an orange (X) in the future T2 is necessarily true. At T2 Peter eats an apple (X2) will not go against the omniscience of God. God would have believed that at T2 it was with Peter’s free will that he will do X2. That is to say that, according to Plantiga,â€Å" It was within Peter’s power at T2 to do something that if he had done it,then God would not have held a belief that in fact he did hold. † (Pojman & Rea 110) Though Peter had two choices in either eating the orange or the apple the fact that God knows that he would have eaten the latter does not take away the freedom of Peter. Pike will argue that God will have known at a certain time (T1) that an event will be foreseen as soon as the human being is born such as T2. Pertaining to this situation Pike states, â€Å" †¦ if God held such a belief eighty years [T1] prior to [T2], Peter did not have the power on [T2] to do something that would have made it the case that God did not hold this belief eighty years later. † (Pojman & Rea 99) This fact goes on to say that it is with the omniscience of God that, no matter what, His belief will not have changed in between [T1] and [T2]. The argument can still be accepted in an statement made by St. Augustine, â€Å"†¦ it is not necessary to deny that God foreknows all things while at the same time our wills are our own. God has foreknowledge of our will, so that of which he has foreknowledge must come to pass. In other words, we shall exercise our will in the future because he has foreknowledge that we shall do so; and there can be no will or voluntary action unless it will be in our power. † (Hopkins 112) The argument here is that, even though God foreknows that Peter will eat the apple does not require Him to limit the humans free will; It was with knowledge and not restraint that Peter made his choice. Another claim that has to deal to this argument is that which Molina says, â€Å"†¦ it is not because God foreknows what He foreknows that men act as they do: it is because men act as they do that God foreknows what He foreknows. † (Pojman & Rea 102) Meaning that the reason why God foresees an event is based upon the action of the humans’ free will. This goes back to the differences in prediction and free will, however, now we are dealing with something other than an inanimate object. The differences in this claim are argued as follows by Shook, â€Å"If God possesses justified divine knowledge, his capacity for perfectly predicting future human actions is incompatible with the free will of alternative possibilities. † (Shook 157) For reasons already explained, it is impossible for God to have made a claim based on the consistency for his omniscient knowledge gave him the belief before the event occurred. This concept would be similar to me making a prediction of a friend who will wake up at five in the morning and take a shower every Tuesday because he is consistent in doing so. I can make this prediction, but it won’t be necessarily true. The consistency can always change, due to free will. To assume God’s cognitions to be similar is untrue. This would also be to say that if God’s beliefs are due to a humans freedom of will that, when the individual refrains from a certain action that he was going to do, that God’s belief is false. This cannot be true as well due to the acceptance of God’s omniscience. There is also a difference in free will and necessity too. An example can be that it is necessary for one to live by breathing which is arguably our will to do so. It is our will to live, therefore, we must breathe. Augustine explains further that, â€Å"†¦ if there is necessity there is no voluntary choice†¦ but rather fixed and unavoidable necessity. † (Pojman & Rea 101) This could be an argument that it is with necessary actions where God’s foreknowledge is indeed true. It is possible for us to not breathe, thus ending our life which is a necessary truth and God would foreknow as well. Molina writes, â€Å"He would foreknow the opposite if the opposite was to happen. † (Pojman & Rea) This argument coincides with the claim that was made above on the choices that were made by Peter. Pike is under the claim that it is incompatible for there to be human free will along with God’s foreknowledge. This is backed up by stating that God is omniscient and because of that the action by the human is not, in fact, under his will. Due to the belief of the event occurring before the time it does occur does not allow the human any other choices. This cannot be compared to anything that is predicted as it would falsify the omniscience of God. To compare the belief of a situation occurring to the prediction a human might make of a wind-up toy or close friend is also untrue as it would then allow for anyone to be called â€Å"God† because anyone is able to make such a prediction. The previous statement would negate that only an omniscient being can be called â€Å"God† since the human that can predict is not omniscient. The compatible claim of human free will and God’s foreknowledge is explained by Plantiga. He goes on to say that it is compatible as the person would have choices and be able to choose based on one’s own will. Explaining further that the foreknowledge of God does not require a restraint on the choice with which the human chooses. Whether or not the individual makes one choice over another God will still foresee it due to His omniscience, therefore, being an action of human free will. Though an action may be out of necessity (i. e.breathing) it is possible for us to still make another choice based on our own will. Works Cited Hopkins, Jasper. â€Å"Augustine On Foreknowledge And Free Will. † International Journal For Philosophy Of Religion 8. 2 (1977): 111-126. ATLA Religion Database. Web. 5 Nov. 2012. Pojman, Louis & Rea, Michael. Philosophy of Religion. Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. 2012 Shook, John. â€Å"God’s Divinely Justified Knowledge Is Incompatible With Human Free Will. â€Å"Forum Philosophicum: International Journal For Philosophy 15. 1 (2010): 141-159. Academic Search Premier. Web. 7 Nov. 2012.